Umhlaza woMbeleko
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, yeyona thumba ixhaphakileyo kwi-gynecological tract kumalungu okuzala kwabasetyhini. I-HPV yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ebangela esi sifo. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokuthintelwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugonywa. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba uyanyangeka kakhulu kwaye i-prognosis ilungile.
I-Epidemiology
I-WHO ikhuphe ingxelo ngo-2018 ukuba inani labantu abanesifo somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwihlabathi liphela limalunga ne-13 kubantu abayi-100000 eWei minyaka le, kwaye izinga lokufa limalunga ne-7 kubantu abayi-100000 abasweleke ngenxa yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ngo-2018, bekukho malunga ne-569000 yamatyala amatsha omhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nokufa okungu-311000, apho ama-84% awo enzeka kumazwe angaphantsi kophuhliso lwezorhwebo.
Ukugula nokufa kwabantu ababulawa ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwihlabathi liphela kuye kwehla kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, nto leyo enxulumene nokuqina kwemfundo yezempilo, ugonyo lwe-HPV kunye nokuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abakwiminyaka ephakathi (35-55). Ama-20% amatyala ayenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala kwaye anqabile kulutsha.
Iindlela zokuxilonga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:
1. Uvavanyo lwe-cytological lwe-curettage yomlomo wesibeleko.
Le ndlela inokubhaqa izilonda zomlomo wesibeleko ngaphambi komhlaza kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba, kuba kukho izinga elingalunganga le-5% mi 10%, ngoko ke izigulana kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-ayodini.
I-epithelium ye-squamous yomlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-vaginal epithelium ityebile kwi-glycogen kwaye inokudaywa ngombala omdaka ngesisombululo se-iodine, ngelixa ukukhukuliseka komlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-epithelium ye-squamous engaqhelekanga (kuquka i-hyperplasia engaqhelekanga, i-carcinoma in situ kunye ne-carcinoma ehlaselayo) azikho kwaye aziyi kudaywa.
3. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nomjelo womlomo wesibeleko.
Ukuba i-cervical smear cytology ikwi-grade Ⅲ ~ Ⅳ, kodwa i-cervical biopsy i-negative, kufuneka kuthathwe izicubu ezininzi ukuze kuhlolwe i-pathological.
4. I-Colposcopy