Umhlaza webele
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Ithumba elibi lezicubu zebele. Ehlabathini lonke, lolona hlobo lomhlaza oluxhaphakileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini, luchaphazela i-1/13 ukuya kwi-1/9 yabasetyhini abaneminyaka ephakathi kwe-13 ne-90. Ikwangumhlaza wesibini oxhaphakileyo emva komhlaza wemiphunga (kuquka amadoda; kuba umhlaza webele wenziwe sisicwili esifanayo kumadoda nakubafazi, umhlaza webele (RMG) ngamanye amaxesha uyenzeka kumadoda, kodwa inani lamatyala amadoda lingaphantsi kwe-1% yenani lilonke lezigulana ezinale sifo).
Iingcali ze-WHO ziqikelela ukuba abantu abangama-800 000 kwihlabathi liphela bafa yi-AIDS minyaka le. Isigidi seziganeko ezintsha zomhlaza wamabele. Inani lokufa komhlaza phakathi kwabasetyhini likwindawo yesibini. Izinga eliphezulu lokusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane lifunyenwe eMelika naseNtshona Yurophu; Ngo-2005, kwafunyanwa iimeko ezintsha ezingama-49548 (19.8% yeethumba ezipheleleyo zabasetyhini) eRashiya, kunye nokufa okungama-22830.
Umhlaza webele sisifo esibangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo, uphuhliso lwaso lunxulumene notshintsho kwi-genome yeseli phantsi kwempembelelo yezinto zangaphandle kunye namahomoni.
Uphawu
Umhlaza webele wasekuqaleni (Inqanaba loku-1 kunye neSigaba sesi-2) awunazimpawu kwaye awubangeli ntlungu. Ukuya exesheni kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu, kwaye iintlungu zebele zinxulumene nomhlaza webele. Ngokwesiqhelo, umhlaza webele ufunyanwa ngaphambi kokuba ithumba libe neempawu ezicacileyo ngqo - nokuba ngexesha le-mammography okanye xa umfazi eva iqhuma ebeleni lakhe. Nasiphi na iqhuma kufuneka libizwe ukuze kufunyanwe iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuxilongwa okuchanekileyo kusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-biopsy ezijikelezayo zovavanyo lwe-ultrasound. Amatyala amaninzi okuxilonga akwinqanaba lesi-3 kunye nenqanaba lesi-4 kuphela. Xa iqhuma libonakala ngeliso lenyama, linohlobo lwesilonda okanye ubunzima obukhulu. Ngexesha lokuya exesheni, kunokubakho amaqhuma angapheliyo ekhwapheni okanye ngaphezulu kwe-clavicle: ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba amaqhuma e-lymph onakele, oko kukuthi, amaqhuma e-lymph adluliselwa kumaqhuma e-lymph, nto leyo ebonakala ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba lokugqibela. I-Pain syndrome inxulunyaniswa nokuhluma kweqhuma eludongeni lwesifuba.
Ezinye iimpawu zesigaba esiphambili (III-IV):
Ukukhupha igazi okanye ukuvuza kwesifuba okucacileyo
Ukufinyela kwengono
Ngenxa yokuba ithumba lihluma eluswini, umbala okanye ulwakhiwo lwesikhumba sebele luyatshintsha.
Ezinye iimpawu zesigaba esiphambili (III-IV)