Uthintelo lomhlaza wesisu

Ulwazi Olubanzi Malunga Nomhlaza Wesisu

Umhlaza wesisu (wesisu) sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenzeka khona esiswini.

Isisu sisitho esimile okwe-J esiswini esingaphezulu. Siyinxalenye yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, esisebenza ngezondlo (iivithamini, iiminerali, iicarbohydrate, amafutha, iiproteni, namanzi) ekutyeni okutyiwayo kwaye sinceda ekukhupheni inkunkuma emzimbeni. Ukutya kuhamba ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini ngetyhubhu engenanto, enemisipha ebizwa ngokuba yi-esophagus. Emva kokuphuma esiswini, ukutya okucoliweyo kancinci kudlulela emathunjini amancinci kuze kungene emathunjini amakhulu.

Umhlaza wesisueyesineumhlaza oxhaphakileyo ehlabathini.

Uthintelo lomhlaza wesisu

Ezi zilandelayo zizinto ezibangela umhlaza wesisu:

1. Iimeko ezithile zempilo

Ukuba nayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo zonyango kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

• Usulelo lwesisu lweHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
• I-metaplasia yamathumbu (imeko apho iiseli ezikwisisu zithathelwa indawo ziiseli ezikwisisu ezihlala zikwisisu).
• I-Chronic atrophic gastritis (ukuncitshiswa kwengaphakathi lesisu okubangelwa kukudumba kwesisu ixesha elide).
• I-anemia enobungozi (uhlobo lwe-anemia olubangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12).
• Iipolyps zesisu (esiswini).

2. Iimeko ezithile zemfuza

Iimeko zofuzo zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu kubantu abanezinye zezi zilandelayo:

• Umama, utata, udade, okanye umnakwabo okhe waba nomhlaza wesisu.
• Uhlobo lwegazi A.
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni.
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
• Umhlaza wamathumbu ongenayo i-polyposis (i-HNPCC; i-Lynch syndrome).

3. Ukutya

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu unokwanda kubantu aba:

• Yitya ukutya okuneziqhamo nemifuno embalwa.
• Yitya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi okanye okutshayiweyo.
• Yitya ukutya okungalungiswanga okanye okungagcinwanga ngendlela efanele ukuba kugcinwe ngayo.

4. Izizathu zokusingqongileyo

Izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume enokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu ziquka:

• Ukuchanabeka kwimitha yelanga.
• Ukusebenza kwishishini lerabha okanye lamalahle.

Umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu uyanda kubantu abavela kumazwe apho umhlaza wesisu uxhaphake khona.

Ezi zilandelayo zizinto zokukhusela ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukutshaya kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesisu. Ukuyeka ukutshaya okanye ukungatshayi kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. Abantu abatshayayo abayeka ukutshaya banciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

2. Ukunyanga usulelo lweHelicobacter pylori

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukosuleleka okungapheliyo yintsholongwane yeHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokwanda komhlaza wesisu. Xa intsholongwane yeH. pylori ihlasela isisu, isisu sinokudumba kwaye sibangele utshintsho kwiiseli ezijikeleze isisu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli ziba zingaqhelekanga kwaye zinokuba ngumhlaza.

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukunyanga usulelo lwe-H. pylori ngee-antibiotics kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. Kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ukunyanga usulelo lwe-H. pylori ngee-antibiotics kunciphisa inani labantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wesisu okanye kugcina utshintsho kwi-tuben yesisu, olunokukhokelela kumhlaza, lungabi mandundu.

Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba izigulana ezisebenzisa i-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) emva konyango lwe-H. pylori zinamathuba amaninzi okufumana umhlaza wesisu kunabo bangazange basebenzise ii-PPI. Kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba ii-PPI zikhokelela na kumhlaza kwizigulana ezinyangelwe i-H. pylori.

Akwaziwa ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyawunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu okanye azinampembelelo na kumngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Ukutya

Ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesisu. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno enevithamini C eninzi kunye ne-beta carotene kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. Izifundo zibonisa nokuba ukutya okuziinkozo ezipheleleyo, ii-carotenoids, iti eluhlaza, kunye nezinto ezifumaneka kwigalikhi kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukutya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. Abantu abaninzi eMelika ngoku batya ityuwa encinci ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo woxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Oku kusenokuba yimbangela yokuba amazinga omhlaza wesisu ehle eMelika.

2. Izongezo zokutya

Akwaziwa ukuba ukuthatha iivithamini ezithile, iiminerali, kunye nezinye izongezo zokutya kuyanceda na ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. E-China, uphando lwe-beta carotene, i-vitamin E, kunye nezongezo ze-selenium ekutyeni lubonise inani eliphantsi lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wesisu. Olu phononongo lusenokuba luquke abantu ababengenazo ezi zondlo ekutyeni kwabo okuqhelekileyo. Akwaziwa ukuba izongezo zokutya ezongezelelweyo ziya kuba nefuthe elifanayo na kubantu abasele besitya ukutya okunempilo.

Ezinye izifundo azibonisanga ukuba ukuthatha izongezo zokutya ezifana ne-beta carotene, i-vitamin C, i-vitamin E, okanye i-selenium kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu.

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziswa ukufundisisa iindlela zokuthintela umhlaza.

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukufunda iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuthintela umhlaza zenziwa ngabantu abaphilileyo abangazange babe nomhlaza kodwa abanomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuthintela zenziwa ngabantu abaye baba nomhlaza kwaye bazama ukuthintela omnye umhlaza wohlobo olufanayo okanye ukunciphisa amathuba abo okufumana uhlobo olutsha lomhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zenziwa ngokuzithandela abasempilweni abangaziwa ukuba banezizathu ezibangela umhlaza.

Injongo yezinye iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zokuthintela umhlaza kukufumanisa ukuba amanyathelo abantu abawathathayo anokuthintela na umhlaza. Oku kungabandakanya ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno, ukuzilolonga, ukuyeka ukutshaya, okanye ukuthatha amayeza athile, iivithamini, iiminerali, okanye izongezo zokutya.

Iindlela ezintsha zokuthintela umhlaza wesisu ziyafundwa kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR62850&type=1