UThintelo loMhlaza weMiphunga

Ngomsitho woSuku lweHlabathi loMhlaza weMiphunga (ngomhla woku-1 ku-Agasti), makhe sijonge uthintelo lomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo kunokunceda ukukhusela umhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuphepha imiba esemngciphekweni yomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza othile.Imingcipheko iquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo.Ukwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokwenza umthambo nako kunokunceda ukuthintela eminye imihlaza.Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye enye ingcali yezempilo malunga nokuba ungawuthoba njani umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Oku kulandelayo yimiba esemngciphekweni womhlaza wemiphunga:

1. Umdiza, icuba, nemibhobho yokutshaya

Ukutshaya icuba ngowona mngcipheko ubalulekileyo womhlaza wemiphunga.Umdiza, umdiza, nemibhobho yokutshaya zonke ziyawanyusa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.Ukutshaya icuba kubangela malunga neemeko ezi-9 kwezili-10 zomhlaza wemiphunga emadodeni kwaye malunga nesi-8 kwali-10 iimeko zomhlaza wemiphunga kwabasetyhini.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukutshaya i-tar ephantsi okanye i-nicotine encinci ayiwehlisi umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.

Uphononongo lukwabonisa ukuba ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga ngenxa yokutshaya icuba iyenyuka ngenani lemidiza etshayayo ngosuku kunye nenani leminyaka etshayayo.Abantu abatshayayo banomngcipheko ophindwe ka-20 wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangatshayiyo.

2. Umsi wecuba

Ukuchanabeka kumsi wecuba elisetyenzisiweyo kukwangunobangela womngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.Umsi wecuba ngumsi ophuma kwicuba elivuthayo okanye enye imveliso yecuba, okanye okhutshwa ziintshayi.Abantu abasezela umsi wecuba bachanabeka kwizinto ezibangela umhlaza njengeentshayi, nangona ngokwemilinganiselo emincinane.Ukusezela umsi wecuba kubizwa ngokuba kukwenza ngokuzithandela okanye kukungenzi nto.

3. Imbali yosapho

Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga ngumngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.Abantu abanesalamane esinomhlaza wemiphunga banokuba nethuba eliphindwe kabini lokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga kunabantu abangenazo isalamane esinomhlaza wemiphunga.Ngenxa yokuba ukutshaya icuba kudla ngokubaleka kwiintsapho kwaye amalungu osapho achanabeke kumsi wecuba, kunzima ukwazi ukuba ingozi eyongeziweyo yomhlaza wemiphunga ivela kwimbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga okanye kukuchanabeka kumsi wecuba.

4. Usulelo lwe-HIV

Ukosulelwa yintsholongwane kaGawulayo (human immunodeficiency virus) (HIV), unobangela we-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), unxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga.Abantu abosulelwe yi-HIV banokuba nomngcipheko ophindwe kabini wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga kunabo bangosulelwanga.Ekubeni amazinga okutshaya ephezulu kwabo bosulelwe yi-HIV kunakwabo bangosulelwanga, akucaci ukuba umngcipheko owonyukayo womhlaza wemiphunga ungosulelo lwe-HIV okanye kukuchanabeka kumsi wecuba.

5. Imiba yengozi yokusingqongileyo

• Ukuba sesichengeni ngemitha: Ukuchanabeka kwimitha yemitha ngumba womngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.Imitha yebhombu yeatom, unyango lweradiation, uvavanyo lokucinga, kunye neradon yimithombo yokuvezwa imitha:
• Imitha yebhombu yeathom: Ukuvezwa kwimitha emva kokudubula kwebhombu yeathom kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Unyango lwemitha: Unyango lweradiation kwisifuba lunokusetyenziswa ukunyanga ii-cancer ezithile, kubandakanya umhlaza webele kunye neHodgkin lymphoma.Unyango ngemitha kusetyenziswa ii-x-reyi, imitha ye-gamma, okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yemitha enokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.Okukhona uphezulu idosi yemitha efunyenweyo, kokukhona umngcipheko uphezulu.Umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga emva konyango ngemitha uphezulu kwizigulana ezitshayayo kunakwabo bangatshayiyo.
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso: Iimvavanyo zemifanekiso, ezifana ne-CT scans, zibeka abaguli kwimitha.Idosi ephantsi ye-spiral scans ye-CT ibeka izigulane kwimitha engaphantsi kwemitha ye-CT scans.Kuvavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga, ukusetyenziswa kwedosi ephantsi ye-CT scans kunokunciphisa iziphumo ezinobungozi zemitha.
• I-Radon: I-radon yigesi ye-radioactive evela ekuqhekekeni kwe-uranium ematyeni nasemhlabeni.Iyangena emhlabeni, ize ivuze emoyeni okanye kunikezelo lwamanzi.Iradon inokungena ezindlini ngokuqhekeka kwimigangatho, iindonga, okanye isiseko, kwaye amanqanaba eradon anokwakha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu erhasi yeradon ngaphakathi ekhaya okanye emsebenzini anyusa inani lamatyala amatsha omhlaza wemiphunga kunye nenani lokufa okubangelwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga.Umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga uphezulu kubantu abatshayayo abasesichengeni seradon kunakwabo bangatshayiyo abachanabeke kuyo.Kubantu abangazange batshaye, malunga ne-26% yokufa okubangelwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga kuye kwadityaniswa nokuvezwa kwiradon.

6. Ukuba sesichengeni emsebenzini

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuchanabeka kwezi zinto zilandelayo kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga:

• IAsbestos.
• Arsenic.
• Chromium.
• Nickel.
• Beryllium.
• I-Cadmium.
• Itha nomsizi.

Ezi zinto zinokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abajongene nazo emsebenzini nabangazange batshaye.Njengoko inqanaba lokuchaphazeleka kwezi zinto lisanda, umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga nawo uyanda.Umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga uphezulu nangakumbi kubantu abathe babhenceka kwaye nabo bayatshaya.

• Ungcoliseko lomoya: Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wongcoliseko lomoya kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga.

7. I-Beta carotene izongezo kubantu abatshaya kakhulu

Ukuthatha izongezo ze-beta carotene (iipilisi) kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi kwiintshayi ezitshaya ipakethe enye okanye ngaphezulu ngemini.Umngcipheko uphezulu kubantu abatshayayo abasela ubuncinane isiselo esinxilisayo esinxilisayo yonke imihla.

Oku kulandelayo yimiba yokukhusela umhlaza wemiphunga:

1. Ukungatshayi

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela umhlaza wemiphunga kukungatshayi.

2. Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Abatshayayo banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga ngokuyeka.Kubantu abatshayayo abaye banyangelwa umhlaza wemiphunga, ukuyeka ukutshaya kwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga emitsha.Ukululekwa, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithatha indawo yenikotini, nonyango lokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko luye lwanceda abantu abatshayayo ukuba bayeke ngokupheleleyo.

Kumntu oyekile ukutshaya, ithuba lokuthintela umhlaza wemiphunga lixhomekeke kwiminyaka emingaphi kunye nokuba ungakanani umntu otshayayo kunye nobude bexesha ukususela ekuyekeni.Emva kokuba umntu eyekile ukutshaya iminyaka eli-10, ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga iyehla ngama-30% ukuya kuma-60%.

Nangona umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga unokwehliswa kakhulu ngokuyeka ukutshaya ixesha elide, umngcipheko awusokuze ube ngaphantsi njengomngcipheko kubantu abangatshayiyo.Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ulutsha lungaqalisi ukutshaya.

3. Ukuchaneka okuphantsi kwizinto ezinobungozi emsebenzini

Imithetho ekhusela abasebenzi ekubeni bangachanatywa kwizinto ezibangela umhlaza, njengeasbestos, iarsenic, nickel, nechromium, inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.Imithetho ethintela ukutshaya emsebenzini inceda ekuthobeni umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga obangelwa ngumsi wecuba.

4. Ukuvezwa okuphantsi kwiradon

Ukunciphisa amanqanaba eradon kunokwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi phakathi kwabatshayayo.Amanqanaba aphezulu eradon ezindlini anokuncitshiswa ngokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuvuza kweradon, njengokutywina amagumbi angaphantsi.

Akukacaci ukuba oku kulandelayo kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga:

1. Ukutya

Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abatya iziqhamo okanye imifuno eninzi banomngcipheko ophantsi wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga kunabo batya ixabiso eliphantsi.Noko ke, ekubeni iintshayi zityekele ekutyeni okunempilo encinane kunabo bangatshayiyo, kunzima ukwazi enoba ukuncipha komngcipheko kubangelwa kukutya okusempilweni okanye kukungatshayi.

2. Umsebenzi womzimba

Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abasebenzayo ngokwasemzimbeni banomngcipheko osezantsi womhlaza wemiphunga kunabantu abangekhoyo.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni abantu abatshayayo bethanda ukuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni kunabo bangatshayiyo, kunzima ukwazi ukuba ukwenza umthambo kuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.

Oku kulandelayo akuwehlisi umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga:

1. izongezo zeBeta carotene kubantu abangatshayiyo

Uphononongo lwabantu abangatshayiyo lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha izongezo ze-beta carotene akuwehlisi umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.

2. Vitamin E izongezo

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha izongezo ze-vitamin E akuchaphazeli umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR62825&type=1