Uthintelo lomhlaza wesibindi

Ulwazi Oluqhelekileyo Malunga Nomhlaza Wesibindi

Umhlaza wesibindi sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (umhlaza) zenzeka khona kwizicwili zesibindi.

Isibindi sesinye sezitho ezinkulu emzimbeni. Sinezitho ezimbini kwaye sizalisa icala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu ngaphakathi kwi-rib cage. Imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekileyo yesibindi yile:

• Ukucoca izinto eziyingozi egazini ukuze zikwazi ukudluliselwa emzimbeni ngendle nangumchamo.
• Ukwenza inyongo incede ekugayeni amafutha ekutyeni.
• Ukugcina i-glycogen (iswekile), esetyenziswa ngumzimba ukuze ibe namandla.

Ukufumana nokunyanga umhlaza wesibindi kwangethuba kunokuthintela ukufa ngenxa yomhlaza wesibindi.

Ukosulelwa ziintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane ye-hepatitis kunokubangela i-hepatitis kwaye kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

I-hepatitis idla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis. I-hepatitis sisifo esibangela ukudumba kwesibindi. Ukonakala kwesibindi ngenxa ye-hepatitis okuhlala ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

IHepatitis B (HBV) kunye neHepatitis C (HCV) ziintlobo ezimbini zentsholongwane yeHepatitis. Usulelo olungapheliyo oluneHBV okanye iHCV lunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

1. I-Hepatitis B

I-HBV ibangelwa kukudibana negazi, isidoda, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba lomntu osuleleke yintsholongwane ye-HBV. Olu sulelo lunokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokubeleka, ngokunxibelelana ngesondo, okanye ngokwabelana ngeenaliti ezisetyenziselwa ukujova amayeza. Inokubangela amanxeba esibindi (i-cirrhosis) anokubangela umhlaza wesibindi.

2. IHepatitis C

I-HCV ibangelwa kukudibana negazi lomntu osuleleke yintsholongwane ye-HCV. Olu sulelo lunokusasazeka ngokwabelana ngeenaliti ezisetyenziselwa ukujova amayeza okanye, rhoqo, ngokunxibelelana ngesondo. Ngaphambili, yayisasazeka ngexesha lokutofelwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba. Namhlanje, iibhanki zegazi zivavanya lonke igazi elinikelweyo ukuze zifumane i-HCV, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana le ntsholongwane ngokutofelwa igazi. Inokubangela amanxeba esibindi (i-cirrhosis) anokubangela umhlaza wesibindi.

Uthintelo lomhlaza wesibindi

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto zokukhusela kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza.

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi bomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo. Izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya nokuzilolonga zinokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezempilo malunga nendlela onokunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko wakho womhlaza.

Usulelo olungapheliyo lweHepatitis B kunye no-C zizinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wesibindi.

Ukuba ne-hepatitis B engapheliyo (HBV) okanye i-hepatitis C engapheliyo (HCV) kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi. Umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi kubantu abane-HBV kunye ne-HCV, nakubantu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ukongeza kwi-hepatitis virus. Amadoda anosulelo lwe-HBV okanye i-HCV olungapheliyo anamathuba amaninzi okuba nomhlaza wesibindi kunabafazi abanosulelo olufanayo olungapheliyo.

Ukosuleleka yi-HBV engapheliyo yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wesibindi e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ukosuleleka yi-HCV engapheliyo yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wesibindi eMntla Melika, eYurophu naseJapan.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi:

1. Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi uyanda kubantu abane-cirrhosis, isifo apho izicubu zesibindi eziphilileyo zithathelwa indawo yizicubu zesilonda. Izicubu zesilonda zithintela ukuhamba kwegazi esibindini kwaye zisenza singasebenzi njengoko kufanele. Utywala obungapheliyo kunye nosulelo lwe-hepatitis olungapheliyo zizizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-cirrhosis. Abantu abane-cirrhosis enxulumene ne-HCV banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi kunabantu abane-cirrhosis enxulumene ne-HBV okanye ukusebenzisa utywala.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kotywala

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kotywala kunokubangela isifo sesibindi, nto leyo ebangela umhlaza wesibindi. Umhlaza wesibindi unokubakho nakubantu abasebenzisa kakhulu utywala abanesifo sesibindi. Abantu abasebenzisa kakhulu utywala abanesifo sesibindi banamathuba aphindwe kalishumi okuba nomhlaza wesibindi, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abasebenzisa kakhulu utywala abanesifo sesibindi.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba kukho umngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wesibindi kubantu abane-HBV okanye usulelo lwe-HCV abasebenzisa utywala kakhulu.

3. I-Aflatoxin B1

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi unokwandiswa ngokutya ukutya okuqulethe i-aflatoxin B1 (ityhefu evela kwisikhunta enokukhula ekutyeni, okufana nombona kunye namandongomane, okugcinwe kwiindawo ezishushu nezifumileyo). Ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, naseTshayina.

4. I-steatohepatitis engeyotywala (i-NASH)

I-Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yimeko enokubangela amanxeba esibindi (i-cirrhosis) enokubangela umhlaza wesibindi. Le yeyona ndlela imbi kakhulu yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha (i-NAFLD), apho kukho inani elingaqhelekanga lamafutha esibindini. Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokubangela ukudumba (ukudumba) kunye nokwenzakala kweeseli zesibindi.

Ukuba ne-cirrhosis enxulumene ne-NASH kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi. Umhlaza wesibindi ufunyenwe nakubantu abane-NASH abangenayo i-cirrhosis.

5. Ukutshaya icuba

Ukutshaya icuba kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesibindi. Umngcipheko uyanda ngenani leecuba ezitshaywayo ngosuku kunye nenani leminyaka umntu etshaya ngayo.

6. Eminye imiqathango

Ezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zonyango kunye nezemfuza zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi. Ezi meko ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• I-hemochromatosis yelifa (HH) enganyangwanga.
• Ukunqongophala kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
• Isifo sokugcina iGlycogen.
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
• Isifo sikaWilson.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokukhusela zinokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi:

1. Ugonyo lweHepatitis B

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HBV (ngokugonyelwa i-HBV usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa) kubonakalisiwe ukuba kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi ebantwaneni. Akukaziwa okwangoku ukuba ukugonyelwa kuyawunciphisa na umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi kubantu abadala.

2. Unyango losulelo lwe-hepatitis B olungapheliyo

Iindlela zonyango kubantu abanesifo se-HBV esingapheliyo ziquka unyango lwe-interferon kunye ne-nucleos(t)ide analog (NA). Olu nyango lunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi.

3. Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwi-aflatoxin B1

Ukutshintsha ukutya okune-aflatoxin B1 eninzi ngokutya okune-poison ephantsi kakhulu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1