UThintelo loMhlaza Wesibindi

Ulwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga noMhlaza wesibindi

Umhlaza wesibindi sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (umhlaza) zenza kwizicubu zesibindi.

Isibindi lelinye lawona malungu makhulu emzimbeni.Ineentsimbi ezimbini kwaye izalise icala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu ngaphakathi kweembambo.Imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekileyo yesibindi yile:

• Ukuhluza izinto ezinobungozi egazini ukuze zigqithiswe emzimbeni ngendle kunye nomchamo.
• Ukwenza inyongo ukunceda ukwetyisa amafutha ekutyeni.
• Ukugcina i-glycogen (iswekile), esetyenziswa ngumzimba ukwenza amandla.

Ukufumana kunye nokunyanga umhlaza wesibindi kwangoko kunokuthintela ukufa kumhlaza wesibindi.

Ukosulelwa ziintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane yehepatitis kunokubangela ihepatitis kwaye kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

I-Hepatitis idla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis.IHepatitis sisifo esibangela ukudumba (ukudumba) kwesibindi.Ukonakala kwesibindi kwi-hepatitis ehlala ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

IHepatitis B (HBV) kunye neHepatitis C (HCV) ziintlobo ezimbini zentsholongwane yehepatitis.Ukusuleleka okungapheliyo nge-HBV okanye i-HCV kunokunyusa ingozi yomhlaza wesibindi.

1. IHepatitis B

I-HBV ibangelwa kukudibana negazi, amadlozi, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba womntu owasulelwe yintsholongwane yeHBV.Usulelo lunokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni ngexesha lokuzala, ngokwabelana ngesondo, okanye ngokusetyenziswa kweenaliti ezisetyenziselwa ukutofa iziyobisi.Inokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis) okunokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

2. IHepatitis C

IHCV ibangelwa kukudibana negazi lomntu osulelwe yintsholongwane yeHCV.Usulelo lunokusasazwa ngokwabelana ngeenaliti ezisetyenziselwa ukutofa iziyobisi okanye, kancinane, ngokwabelana ngesondo.Ngaphambili, yayisasazwa ngexesha lotofelo-gazi okanye uqhaqho-fakelo lwamalungu.Namhlanje, iindawo zokugcina igazi zivavanya lonke igazi elinikelwe kwi-HCV, nto leyo eyithoba kakhulu ingozi yokufumana le ntsholongwane kutofelo-gazi.Inokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis) okunokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

UThintelo loMhlaza Wesibindi

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo kunokunceda ukukhusela umhlaza.

Ukuphepha imiba esemngciphekweni yomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza othile.Imingcipheko iquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo.Ukwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokwenza umthambo nako kunokunceda ukuthintela eminye imihlaza.Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye enye ingcali yezempilo malunga nokuba ungawuthoba njani umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis B kunye no-C olungapheliyo zizinto ezinobungozi ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.

Ukuba ne-hepatitis B (HBV) engapheliyo okanye i-hepatitis C (HCV) engapheliyo yonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi.Umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi kubantu abane-HBV kunye ne-HCV, nakubantu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ukongeza kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis.Amadoda anosulelo olungapheliyo lwe-HBV okanye i-HCV kunokwenzeka ukuba abe nomhlaza wesibindi kunabasetyhini abanosulelo olungapheliyo olufanayo.

Usulelo lwe-HBV olungapheliyo ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wesibindi e-Asia nase-Afrika.Usulelo lwe-HCV engapheliyo ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wesibindi eMntla Melika, eYurophu naseJapan.

Ezi zilandelayo zezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi:

1. Ukuqina kwesibindi

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi uyanda kubantu abane-cirrhosis, isifo apho izicubu zesibindi eziphilileyo zitshintshwa zizicubu ezibomvu.Ithishu ebomvu ivalela ukuhamba kwegazi esibindini kwaye isigcina singasebenzi ngendlela ebekufanele ngayo.Utywala obungapheliyo kunye nosulelo olungapheliyo lwe-hepatitis zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-cirrhosis.Abantu abane-cirrhosis enxulumene ne-HCV banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi kunabantu abane-cirrhosis enxulumene ne-HBV okanye ukusetyenziswa kotywala.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu

Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kunokubangela i-cirrhosis, nto leyo engumngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.Umhlaza wesibindi unokubakho nakubasebenzisi botywala obuninzi abangenayo i-cirrhosis.Abantu abasebenzisa utywala kakhulu abanesifo sokudumba kwesibindi banamathuba aphindwe kalishumi okuba nomhlaza wesibindi, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abasela utywala kakhulu abangenaso isifo sokudumba kwesibindi.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo yomhlaza wesibindi kubantu abane-HBV okanye i-HCV yosulelo abasebenzisa utywala kakhulu.

3. I-Aflatoxin B1

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi unokunyuswa ngokutya ukutya okuqulethe i-aflatoxin B1 (ityhefu evela kwi-fungus enokukhula ekutyeni, okufana nombona kunye namandongomane, agcinwe kwiindawo ezishushu, ezifumileyo).Ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara, kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, naseTshayina.

4. I-steatohepatitis engeyiyo utywala (NASH)

I-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yimeko enokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis) okunokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi.Yeyona ndlela inzima kakhulu yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha e-noncoholic (NAFLD), apho kukho inani elingaqhelekanga lamanqatha esibindi.Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokubangela ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kunye nokulimala kwiiseli zesibindi.

Ukuba ne-NASH-enxulumene ne-cirrhosis yonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi.Umhlaza wesibindi ufunyenwe nakubantu abane-NASH abangenaso isifo sesibindi.

5. Ukutshaya icuba

Ukutshaya icuba kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wesibindi.Umngcipheko uyanda ngenani lemidiza etshayayo ngosuku kunye nenani leminyaka athe umntu wayitshaya.

6. Eminye imiqathango

Iimeko ezithile zonyango ezinqabileyo kunye nemfuzo zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.Le miqathango ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ihemochromatosis (HH) enganyangwanga.
• Ukusilela kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
• Isifo sokugcina i-glycogen.
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
• Isifo sikaWilson.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokhuseleko zinokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi:

1. Isitofu sokugonya iHepatitis B

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HBV (ngokugonyelwa i-HBV njengosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa) kuboniswe kwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi ebantwaneni.Akukaziwa ukuba ukugonywa kuyayithoba na ingozi yomhlaza wesibindi kubantu abadala.

2. Unyango losulelo olungapheliyo lwe-hepatitis B

Ukhetho lonyango lwabantu abanosulelo olungapheliyo lwe-HBV lubandakanya unyango lwe-interferon kunye ne-nucleos(t)ide analog (NA).Olu nyango lunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi.

3. Ukwehla kokungakhuseleki kwi-aflatoxin B1

Ukutshintsha ukutya okunezixa eziphezulu ze-aflatoxin B1 ngokutya okunezinga elisezantsi kakhulu letyhefu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1