Umgama ongakanani phakathi kwamaqhuqhuva ebele kunye nomhlaza webele?

Ngokwedatha yeGlobal Cancer Burden ka-2020 ekhutshwe yi-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),umhlaza webeleKukho amatyala amatsha ayi-2.26 yezigidi kwihlabathi liphela, edlula umhlaza wemiphunga nge-2.2 yezigidi zeetyala.Ngesabelo se-11.7% samatyala amatsha omhlaza, umhlaza webele uphambili, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ube lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza. La manani aphakamise ulwazi kunye nenkxalabo phakathi kwabasetyhini abaninzi malunga namaqhuqhuva ebele kunye namaqhuqhuva ebele.

Oko Ufanele Ukwazi NgeeNgxaki Zesifuba
Amaqhuqhuva ebele adla ngokubhekisa kumaqhuqhuva okanye ubuninzi obufumaneka emabeleni. Uninzi lwala maqhuqhuva alunabungozi (alunabo umhlaza). Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo ezingalunganga ziquka usulelo lwebele, i-fibroadenomas, i-simple cysts, i-fat necrosis, utshintsho lwe-fibrocystic, kunye ne-intraductal papillomas.
Iimpawu Zesilumkiso:

    
Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci yamaqhuqhuva ebele inokuba yingozi (umhlaza), kwaye inokubonisa oku kulandelayoiimpawu zesilumkiso:

• Ubungakanani:Amaqhuqhuva amakhulubathambekele ekuphakamiseni iinkxalabo ngokulula.
• Imilo:Amaqhuqhuva anemiphetho engangqalanga okanye egobileyobanamathuba aphezulu okuba nesifo somhlaza.
• Ubume: Ukuba kukho iqhubuivakala iqinile okanye inobume obungalinganiyo xa uyichukumisa, kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubafaziuneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala, njengoko umngcipheko wokuba nesifo somhlaza usanda njengoko abantu bekhula.

Uvavanyo lweMaqhuqhuva eBeleni kunye nokubaluleka kokuQondwa kwangethuba koMhlaza weBeleni
Izifundo zibonise ukuba nangona ukwanda kwenani labantu abanesifo somhlaza webele kusanda, izinga lokufa kwabantu abanesifo somhlaza webele liye lehla kumazwe aseNtshona kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.Isizathu esiphambili sokuhla kwesi sifo singabangelwa kukwenziwa ngcono kwendlela yokuxilonga kwangethuba kunye neendlela zonyango, apho uhlolo lomhlaza webele luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo.
1. Iindlela zoVavanyo

• Okwangoku, uphando malunga nomahluko phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo luvela kumazwe aseNtshona. Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwamabele lunobuthathaka obuphantsi xa luthelekiswa neendlela zokuthatha imifanekiso. Phakathi kweendlela zokuthatha imifanekiso, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inobuthathaka obuphezulu, ngelixa i-mammography kunye ne-ultrasound yamabele zinobuthathaka obufanayo.
• I-Mammography inenzuzo ekhethekileyo ekufumaneni i-calcifications enxulumene nomhlaza webele.
• Kwizilonda ezikwizicubu zebele ezixineneyo, i-ultrasound yebele inovakalelo oluphezulu kakhulu kune-mammography.
• Ukongeza umfanekiso we-ultrasound webele lonke kwi-mammography kunokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokufunyaniswa komhlaza webele.
• Umhlaza webele uxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abangaphambi kokuya exesheni abanesifo soxinzelelo olukhulu lwebele. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kunye kwe-mammography kunye ne-ultrasound yebele lonke kufanelekile.
• Kwimpawu ezithile zokukhupha i-nipple, i-intraductal endoscopy inokubonelela ngovavanyo olucacileyo lwenkqubo ye-breast duct ukuze kubonwe naziphi na iingxaki ngaphakathi kwi-ducts.
• I-Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) okwangoku icetyiswa kwihlabathi liphela kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza webele ubomi babo bonke, njengabo bathwala utshintsho olubangelwa zizifo kwi-BRCA1/2 genes.

2. Ukuzihlola rhoqo amabele
Ukuzihlola amabele bekukhuthazwa ngaphambili, kodwa uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukubaayinciphisi ukufa kwabantu abanomhlaza webeleUhlelo luka-2005 lwezikhokelo ze-American Cancer Society (ACS) alusacebisi ukuba umntu azihlole amabele rhoqo ngenyanga njengendlela yokubona umhlaza wamabele kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzihlola amabele rhoqo kusabalulekile ngokubhekiselele ekufumaneni umhlaza wamabele kamva kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza onokwenzeka phakathi kokuhlolwa rhoqo.

3. Ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kwangoko
Ukuxilongwa kwangoko komhlaza webele kuneenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ukufumanisa umhlaza webele ongangenisi gazi kunokuthintela imfuneko yechemotherapy. Ukongeza,Ukufunyanwa komhlaza webele kwangethuba kunika amathuba amaninzi onyango olugcina amabele, olugcina izicubu zebele. Kwakhona kwandisa amathuba okuphepha utyando lokukhupha i-lymph node ye-axillary, olunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwamalungu angaphezulu.Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuvumela ezinye iindlela zonyango kwaye kunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho kumgangatho wobomi.

Iindlela kunye neMigqaliselo yokuHlola isifo kwangethuba
1. Ukuxilongwa Kwangethuba: Izilonda Zamabele Kwangethuba kunye nokuqinisekiswa Kwezifo
Iziphumo zophando zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele kusetyenziswa i-mammography kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa komhlaza webele ngonyaka ngama-20% ukuya kuma-40%.
2. Uvavanyo lwezifo

• Ukuxilongwa kwezifo kuthathwa njengomgangatho obalaseleyo.
• Indlela nganye yokufota ineendlela zokuthatha iisampulu ezifanelekileyo zesifo. Ekubeni uninzi lwezilonda ezingenazimpawu ezifunyenweyo zingenabungozi, indlela efanelekileyo kufuneka ichaneke, ithembeke, kwaye ingangenisi kakhulu.
• I-ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo okwangoku, isebenza kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwama-80%.

3. Iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zokuchongwa kwangethuba komhlaza webele

• Ingqondo eyakhayo: Kubalulekile ukungayinaki impilo yamabele kodwa ungoyiki. Umhlaza wamabele sisifo esingapheliyo esibangela umhlaza esisabela kakhulu kunyango. Ngonyango olusebenzayo, uninzi lweemeko lunokuphila ixesha elide. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubaukubandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo ekuxilongweni kwangethuba ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yomhlaza webele kwimpilo.
• Iindlela zovavanyo ezinokuthenjwa: Kwiziko leengcali, kucetyiswa indlela ebanzi edibanisa i-ultrasound imaging kunye ne-mammography.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe amabele rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2.