Umgama ongakanani phakathi kwamaqhuqhuva ebele kunye noMhlaza wamabele?

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Global Cancer Burden ka-2020 ekhutshwe yi-Arhente yamazwe ngamazwe yoPhando lweCancer (IARC),umhlaza webeleIbalelwa kwi-2.26 yezigidi zeemeko ezintsha kwihlabathi jikelele, ukodlula umhlaza wemiphunga nge-2.2 yezigidi zeemeko.Ngesabelo se-11.7% sezehlo ezintsha zomhlaza, umhlaza wamabele ukwinqanaba lokuqala, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza.La manani aye aphakamisa ukuqonda kunye nenkxalabo phakathi kwabasetyhini abaninzi malunga namaqhuqhuva amabele kunye nobunzima bebele.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga namaqhuqhuva ebele
Amaqhuqhuva amabele abhekisa kumaqhuma okanye ubunzima obufunyenwe ebeleni.Uninzi lwala maqhuqhuva alungile (awanamhlaza).Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezinobungozi zibandakanya usulelo lwebele, i-fibroadenomas, i-cysts elula, i-fat necrosis, utshintsho lwe-fibrocystic, kunye ne-intraductal papillomas.
Iimpawu zesilumkiso:

    
Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci yamaqhuqhuva esifuba ingaba yingozi (umhlaza), kwaye banokubonisa oku kulandelayoiimpawu ezilumkisayo:

• Ubungakanani:Amaqhuqhuva amakhuluthanda ukuphakamisa iinkxalabo ngokulula.
• Ubume:Amaqhuqhuva anencam ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezijijekileyobabe nethuba eliphezulu lokugula.
• Ubume: Ukuba iqhuqhuvaUziva uqinile okanye unobumbano ongalinganiyo xa ubamba, uphando olongezelelekileyo luyafuneka.Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubasetyhiningaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, njengoko umngcipheko wokulimala ukhula kunye nobudala.

UVavanyo lwamaNodule eBeleni kunye noBaluleko lokuFunyaniswa kwangoko koMhlaza wamabele
Uhlolisiso luye lwabonisa ukuba ngoxa ukwanda komhlaza wamabele kusanda, izinga lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yomhlaza wamabele liye lehla kumazwe aseNtshona kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo.Esona sizathu siphambili soku kwehla singabalelwa ekuphuculeni ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye neendlela zonyango, kunye nokuhlolwa komhlaza wamabele yinxalenye ephambili.
1. Iindlela Zovavanyo

• Okwangoku, uphando ngomahluko wobuntununtunu phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zeemviwo ubukhulu becala luvela kumazwe aseNtshona.Uvavanyo lwebele lweklinikhi lunobuntununtunu obusezantsi xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucinga.Phakathi kweendlela zokucinga, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inovakalelo oluphezulu, ngelixa i-mammography kunye ne-breast ultrasound zineemvakalelo ezifanayo.
• I-Mammography inenzuzo ekhethekileyo ekufumaneni izibalo ezinxulumene nomhlaza wamabele.
• Kwizilonda kwizicubu ezixineneyo zamabele, i-breast ultrasound inovakalelo oluphezulu kakhulu kune-mammography.
• Ukongeza umfanekiso we-ultrasound yesifuba esipheleleyo kwi-mammography kunokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokufunyanwa komhlaza wamabele.
• Umhlaza wamabele uxhaphake kakhulu kumabhinqa angaphambi kokuya exesheni anoxinezeleko olukhulu lwamabele.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-mammography kunye ne-maging ye-ultrasound yebele yonke kunengqiqo.
• Ngophawu oluthile lokukhutshwa kwengono, i-endoscopy ye-intraductal inokubonelela ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo ngokuthe ngqo kwenkqubo ye-breast duct system ukuze kubonwe nakuphi na ukungahambi kakuhle kwimibhobho.
• I-Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ngoku iyacetyiswa kumazwe ngamazwe kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kubo bonke ubomi babo, njengabo baphethe iinguqu ze-pathogenic kwi-BRCA1/2 yofuzo.

2.Ukuzivavanya rhoqo ibele
Ukuzihlola amabele kuye kwakhuthazwa ngaphambili, kodwa uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukubaayikunciphisi ukubhubha komhlaza wamabele.Ushicilelo luka-2005 lwezikhokelo ze-American Cancer Society (ACS) azisakukhuthazi ukuba uzihlole qho ngenyanga amabele njengendlela yokufunyanwa kwangoko umhlaza wamabele.Nangona kunjalo, ukuzivavanya kwamabele rhoqo kusenexabiso elithile malunga nokuchonga umhlaza wamabele kumanqanaba amva kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza onokuthi wenzeke phakathi kovavanyo lwesiqhelo.

3.Ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kwangethuba
Ukuxilongwa kwangoko komhlaza wamabele kuneenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.Ngokomzekelo, ukufumanisa umhlaza webele ongahlaseli kunokuthintela isidingo se-chemotherapy.Ukongeza,ukufunyanwa kwangoko komhlaza wamabele kunika amathuba amaninzi onyango lolondolozo lwebele, olugcina izicubu zamabele.Kwakhona kwandisa amathuba okuphepha utyando lwe-axillary lymph node dissection, olunokubangela ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kwimilenze ephezulu.Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuvumela ukhetho oluninzi kunyango kwaye lunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho kumgangatho wobomi.

Iindlela kunye neMithetho yokuHlola kwangethuba
1. Ukuxilongwa kwangethuba: Izilonda zebele zakwaQala kunye noQinisekiso lwePathological
Iziphumo zophando zakutsha nje zibonisa ukuba ukuhlolwa komhlaza wamabele kusetyenziswa i-mammography kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wonyaka wokufa komhlaza wamabele ngama-20% ukuya kuma-40%.
2. Uvavanyo lwePathological

• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Pathological kuthathwa njengomgangatho wegolide.
• Indlela nganye yokucinga ineendlela ezihambelanayo zesampulu ye-pathological.Kuba uninzi lwezilonda ezingenazimpawu ezifunyanisiweyo zilungile, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kufuneka ichaneke, ithembeke, kwaye ingenelele kancinci.
• I-Ultrasound-guided core inaliti biopsy ngoku yindlela ekhethwayo, esebenza ngaphezu kwe-80% yamatyala.

3. Imiba ePhambili yokuFunyaniswa kwaPhakathi koMhlaza wamabele

• Ingqondo ephilileyo: Kubalulekile ukuba ungayihoyi impilo yebele kodwa ungoyiki.Umhlaza wamabele sisifo sethumba esinganyangekiyo esisabela kakhulu kunyango.Ngonyango olusebenzayo, iimeko ezininzi zinokufikelela kwixesha elide lokuphila.Undoqo kukubaUkuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo ekuxilongeni kwangoko ukunciphisa ifuthe lomhlaza wamabele kwimpilo.
• Iindlela zeemviwo ezithembekileyo: Kumaziko eengcali, indlela ebanzi yokudibanisa i-ultrasound imaging kunye ne-mammography iyacetyiswa.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwi-40, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe ibele rhoqo kwi-1 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.