Ulwazi Oluqhelekileyo Malunga noMhlaza we-Esophageal
Umhlaza wesisu sisifo apho iiseli zomhlaza (umhlaza) zenzeka khona kwizicwili zomqala.
I-esophagus yityhubhu engenanto, enemisipha ehambisa ukutya kunye nolwelo ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini. Udonga lwe-esophagus lwenziwe ngamaleya aliqela ezicubu, kuquka i-mucous membrane (i-inner lining), imisipha, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo. Umhlaza we-esophageal uqala kwi-inner lining ye-esophagus kwaye usasazeka ngaphandle kwezinye iileya njengoko ukhula.
Iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza womqala zibizwa ngohlobo lweeseli eziba ngumhlaza (umhlaza):
- Umhlaza we-squamous cell:Umhlaza owenzeka kwiiseli ezibhityileyo nezithe tyaba ezingaphakathi kwe-esophagus. Lo mhlaza udla ngokufumaneka kwinxalenye ephezulu nephakathi ye-esophagus kodwa unokwenzeka naphi na ecaleni kwe-esophagus. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-epidermoid carcinoma.
- I-Adenocarcinoma:Umhlaza oqala kwiiseli ze-glandular. Iiseli ze-glandular ezikwi-esophagus zivelisa kwaye zikhuphe ulwelo olufana ne-mucus. I-Adenocarcinoma idla ngokuqala kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-esophagus, kufutshane nesisu.
Umhlaza wesisu ufumaneka rhoqo kumadoda.
Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nomhlaza womqala kunabafazi. Amathuba okuba nomhlaza womqala ayanda ngokukhula. I-Squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamnyama kunakwabamhlophe.
Uthintelo lomhlaza wesisu
Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto zokukhusela kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza.
Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi bomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo. Izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya nokuzilolonga zinokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezempilo malunga nendlela onokunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko wakho womhlaza.
Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo ze-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus kunye ne-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus azifani.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zonyusa umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala
Izifundo zibonise ukuba umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus uyanda kubantu abatshayayo okanye abasela kakhulu.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokukhusela zinokunciphisa umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukuphepha ukusebenzisa icuba notywala
Izifundo zibonise ukuba umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus uphantsi kubantu abangasebenzisi icuba notywala.
2. Ukuthintela i-chemotherapy ngamayeza angengo-steroidal okulwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuthintela isifo semiphunga kukusebenzisa amayeza, iivithamini, okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela umhlaza. Amayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) aquka i-aspirin kunye namanye amayeza anciphisa ukudumba kunye nentlungu.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-NSAIDs kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-NSAIDs kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, kunye nomonakalo wezintso.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zonyusa umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukubuyela kwesisu esiswini
I-Adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus inxulunyaniswa kakhulu nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), ingakumbi xa i-GERD ihlala ixesha elide kwaye iimpawu ezinzima zivela yonke imihla. I-GERD yimeko apho umxholo wesisu, kuquka ne-asidi yesisu, ugeleza uye kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-esophagus. Oku kuyayicaphukisa ingaphakathi le-esophagus, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunokuchaphazela iiseli ezikwinxalenye esezantsi ye-esophagus. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Barrett esophagus. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iiseli ezichaphazelekayo zitshintshwa ziiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezinokuthi kamva zibe yi-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Ukutyeba ngokudibeneyo ne-GERD kunokunyusa ngakumbi umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza aphumza izihlunu ze-sphincter ezisezantsi ze-esophagus kunokunyusa amathuba okuba ne-GERD. Xa izihlunu ze-sphincter ezisezantsi ziphumlile, i-asidi yesisu inokugeleza iye kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-esophagus.
Akwaziwa ukuba utyando okanye olunye unyango lokuthintela i-gastric reflux luyawunciphisa umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Kusenziwa uvavanyo lwezonyango ukuze kubonwe ukuba utyando okanye unyango lunokuthintela na i-Barrett esophagus.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokukhusela zinokunciphisa umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukuthintela i-chemotherapy ngamayeza angengo-steroidal okulwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuthintela isifo semiphunga kukusebenzisa amayeza, iivithamini, okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela umhlaza. Amayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) aquka i-aspirin kunye namanye amayeza anciphisa ukudumba kunye nentlungu.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-NSAIDs kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-NSAIDs kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, kunye nomonakalo wezintso.
2. Ukususwa kwe-Radiofrequency ye-esophagus
Izigulane ezine-Barrett esophagus ezineeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwi-esophagus esezantsi zinokunyangelwa nge-radiofrequency ablation. Le nkqubo isebenzisa amaza erediyo ukufudumeza nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezinokuba ngumhlaza. Iingozi zokusebenzisa i-radiofrequency ablation ziquka ukucutheka kwe-esophagus kunye nokopha kwi-esophagus, esiswini, okanye emathunjini.
Olunye uphando kwizigulane ezine-Barrett esophagus kunye neeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwi-esophagus luthelekise izigulane ezifumana i-radiofrequency ablation kunye nezigulane ezingazange zifumane. Izigulane ezifumana i-radiofrequency ablation zazinamathuba amancinci okufunyaniswa zinomhlaza we-esophageal. Kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kuziwe ukuba i-radiofrequency ablation iyawunciphisa na umngcipheko we-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus kwizigulane ezinezi meko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-04-2023