“Umhlaza” yeyona “demon” inamandla kakhulu kunyango lwanamhlanje. Abantu baya beqhubeka benika ingqalelo ekuhlolweni nasekuthinteleni umhlaza. “Iimpawu zesifo sephepha,” njengesixhobo esilula sokuxilonga, ziye zaba yindawo ephambili yokuqwalasela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela kuphela kwiimpawu zesifo sephepha eziphakamileyo kunokukhokelela kwingcamango ephosakeleyo malunga nemeko yokwenyani.
Zithini Iimpawu Zesifo Sesisu?
Ngamafutshane, iimpawu zesifo sephepha zibhekisa kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo, iicarbohydrate, ii-enzymes, kunye neehomoni eziveliswa emzimbeni womntu. Iimpawu zesifo sephepha zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuhlola umhlaza kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso leklinikhi lesiphumo esinye esiphakamileyo kancinci sophawu lwesifo sephepha lilinganiselwe. Kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi, iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nosulelo, ukudumba, kunye nokukhulelwa zinokubangela ukwanda kweempawu zesifo sephepha. Ukongeza, imikhwa yokuphila engeyiyo efana nokutshaya, ukusela utywala, nokuhlala ubuthongo kude kube sebusuku nako kunokukhokelela kwizimpawu zesifo sephepha eziphakamileyo. Ke ngoko, oogqirha bahlala benika ingqalelo ngakumbi kwindlela yokutshintsha kweempawu zesifo sephepha ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokutshintsha okuncinci kwisiphumo esinye sovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphawu oluthile lwesifo sephepha, olufana ne-CEA okanye i-AFP (izimpawu ezithile zesifo sephepha zomhlaza wemiphunga nesibindi), luphakanyisiwe kakhulu, lufikelela kumawaka aliqela okanye amashumi amawaka, lufuna ingqalelo kunye nophando olongezelelweyo.
Ukubaluleka Kweempawu Zesifo Somhlaza Ekuhlolweni Kwangethuba Komhlaza
Iimpawu zethumba azibobungqina obupheleleyo bokufumanisa umhlaza, kodwa zisabalulekile kakhulu ekuhlolweni komhlaza phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezinye iimpawu zethumba zinobuthathaka, njenge-AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) yomhlaza wesibindi. Kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi, ukuphakama okungaqhelekanga kwe-AFP, kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso kunye nembali yesifo sesibindi, kunokusetyenziswa njengobungqina bokufumanisa umhlaza wesibindi. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iimpawu zethumba eziphakamileyo zinokubonisa ukuba kukho iithumba kumntu ovavanywayo.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba zonke iimvavanyo zomhlaza kufuneka zibandakanye uvavanyo lweempawu zesifo se-tumor.Ukuhlolwa kweempawu zesifo se-tumor ikakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanembali yokutshaya kakhulu (ubude bokutshaya buphindaphindwe ngeecuba ezitshaywayo ngosuku ezingaphezu kwama-400).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abasebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye izifo zesibindi (ezifana ne-hepatitis A, B, C, okanye i-cirrhosis).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanesifo se-Helicobacter pylori esiswini okanye i-gastritis engapheliyo.
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanembali yosapho yomhlaza (ngaphezulu kwesinye isalamane segazi esifunyaniswe sinohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza).
Indima yeeMpawu zeTumor kuNyango loMhlaza oluNcedisayo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kotshintsho kwiimpawu zesifo somhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu koogqirha ukuba balungise ngokukhawuleza amaqhinga abo okulwa nomhlaza baze balawule inkqubo yonyango iyonke. Enyanisweni, iziphumo zovavanyo lweempawu zesifo somhlaza ziyahluka kwisigulana ngasinye. Ezinye izigulana zinokuba neempawu zesifo somhlaza eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba namanqanaba afikelela kumashumi okanye kwanamakhulu amawaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba asinazo iindlela ezimiselweyo zokulinganisa utshintsho lwazo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda umahluko weempawu zesifo somhlaza ezikhethekileyo kwisigulana ngasinye kwakha isiseko sokuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ngeempawu zesifo somhlaza.
Inkqubo yokuhlola ethembekileyo kufuneka ibe neempawu ezimbini:"Ukucaciswa"kwaye"Uvakalelo":
Ukucaciswa:Oku kubhekisa ekubeni utshintsho kwiimpawu zesifo se-tumor luyahambelana na nemeko yesigulana.
Umzekelo, ukuba sifumanisa ukuba i-AFP (i-alpha-fetoprotein, uphawu oluthile lwethumba lomhlaza wesibindi) lomguli onomhlaza wesibindi lungaphezulu koluhlu oluqhelekileyo, uphawu lwabo lwethumba lubonisa "ulwazi olucacileyo." Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba i-AFP yomguli onomhlaza wemiphunga idlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba umntu ophilileyo une-AFP ephezulu, ukuphakama kwabo kwe-AFP akubonisi lwazi olucacileyo.
Uvakalelo:Oku kubonisa ukuba iimpawu zethumba zesigulana ziyatshintsha na xa ithumba liqhubeka.
Umzekelo, ngexesha lokubeka esweni ngokuguquguqukayo, ukuba sibona ukuba i-CEA (i-carcinoembryonic antigen, uphawu oluthile lwe-tumor yomhlaza wemiphunga olungengolweseli encinci) yesigulane somhlaza wemiphunga iyanda okanye iyancipha kunye notshintsho kubungakanani be-tumor, kwaye ilandela umkhwa wonyango, singayimisela kwangaphambili indlela yokuqonda ukuba uphawu lwe-tumor lwabo lubuthathaka kangakanani.
Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe iimpawu zesifo se-tumor ezithembekileyo (ezineenkcukacha ezithile kunye nobuntununtunu), izigulana kunye noogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lwemeko yesigulana ngokusekelwe kutshintsho oluthile kwiimpawu zesifo se-tumor. Le ndlela ixabisa kakhulu oogqirha ukuba baphuhlise izicwangciso zonyango ezichanekileyo kwaye balungiselele unyango olulungiselelwe wena.
Izigulana zingasebenzisa utshintsho olutshintshayo kwiimpawu zazo zesifo somhlaza ukuvavanya ukumelana kwamayeza athile kunye nokuphepha ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngenxa yokungamelani namayeza.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa iimpawu zesifo somhlaza ukuvavanya imeko yesigulana yindlela eyongezelelweyo yogqirha ekulweni kwabo nomhlaza kwaye akufanele kuthathwe njengento ethatha indawo yomgangatho wegolide wokhathalelo olulandelayo—uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yezonyango (kuquka ii-CT scans, i-MRI, i-PET-CT, njl.njl.).
Iimpawu zeTumor eziqhelekileyo: Zithini?
I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein):
I-Alpha-fetoprotein yi-glycoprotein edla ngokuveliswa zii-embryonic stem cells. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokubonisa izifo ezinobungozi ezifana nomhlaza wesibindi.
I-CEA (iCarcinoembryonic Antigen):
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-carcinoembryonic antigen anokubonisa izifo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kuquka umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza we-pancreatic, umhlaza wesisu, kunye nomhlaza webele.
I-CA 199 (iCarbohydrate Antigen 199):
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-carbohydrate antigen 199 aqhele ukubonwa kumhlaza wepancreatic nakwezinye izifo ezifana nomhlaza we-gallbladder, umhlaza wesibindi, kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
I-CA 125 (i-Cancer Antigen 125):
I-antigen yomhlaza 125 isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokuncedisa ekuxilongeni umhlaza wesibeleko kwaye inokufumaneka nakumhlaza webele, umhlaza wepancreatic, kunye nomhlaza wesisu.
I-TA 153 (i-Tumor Antigen 153):
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-tumor antigen 153 aqhele ukubonwa kumhlaza webele kwaye anokufumaneka nakumhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza we-pancreatic, kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.
I-CA 50 (i-Cancer Antigen 50):
I-antigen yomhlaza 50 luphawu lwe-tumor olungaqhelekanga olusetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokuncedisa ekuxilongeni umhlaza we-pancreatic, umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza wesisu, kunye nezinye izifo.
I-CA 242 (iCarbohydrate Antigen 242):
Isiphumo esihle se-carbohydrate antigen 242 sidla ngokunxulunyaniswa neethumba zendlela yokugaya ukutya.
i-β2-Microglobulin:
I-β2-microglobulin isetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga ukusebenza kwetyhubhu yezintso kwaye inokwanda kwizigulane ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ukudumba, okanye iithumba.
I-Serum Ferritin:
Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-serum ferritin kunokubonwa kwiimeko ezifana ne-anemia, ngelixa ukwanda kwamanqanaba kunokubonwa kwizifo ezifana ne-leukemia, isifo sesibindi, kunye neethumba ezinobungozi.
I-NSE (i-Neuron-Specific Enolase):
I-enolase ethile ye-neuron yiproteni efumaneka kakhulu kwii-neurons nakwii-neuroendocrine cells. Luphawu olubuthathaka lwe-tumor kumhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci.
i-hCG (i-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin):
I-Human chorionic gonadotropin yihomoni enxulunyaniswa nokukhulelwa. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokubonisa ukukhulelwa, kunye nezifo ezifana nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko, kunye neethumba zamasende.
I-TNF (i-Tumor Necrosis Factor):
I-tumor necrosis factor ibandakanyeka ekubulaleni iiseli ze-tumor, ulawulo lomzimba, kunye neempendulo zokudumba. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezosulelayo okanye ezikhusela umzimba kwaye anokubonisa umngcipheko we-tumor.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-01-2023