“Umhlaza” yeyona “demon” yoyikekayo kumayeza anamhlanje.Abantu baya ngokuya benikela ingqalelo ekuhlolweni nasekuthinteleni umhlaza."Iimpawu ze-tumor," njengesixhobo esithe ngqo sokuxilonga, ziye zaba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo ingqalelo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela kuphela kwiimpawu ze-tumor eziphakamileyo zihlala zikhokelela kwingcamango ephosakeleyo malunga neyona meko.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeTumor?
Ngamafutshane, iimpawu zethumba zibhekisa kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo, iicarbohydrates, iienzymes, kunye neehomoni eziveliswa emzimbeni womntu.Iziphawuli zethumba zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuhlola ukufumanisa umhlaza kwangoko.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso leklinikhi lesiphumo sophawu lwethumba elinye elinyuswe kancinci lilinganiselwe.Kwinkqubo yeklinikhi, iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nosulelo, ukudumba, kunye nokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukwanda kweempawu zethumba.Ukongeza, indlela yokuphila engafanelekanga efana nokutshaya, ukusela utywala, kunye nokuhlala kude kube sebusuku nako kunokukhokelela kwiziphawuli eziphakamileyo zethumba.Ke ngoko, oogqirha bahlala benikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwindlela yokumakisha ithumba ngexesha elithile kunoguquko oluncinci kwisiphumo sovavanyo olunye.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphawu oluthile lwethumba, olufana ne-CEA okanye i-AFP (iziphawuli zethumba ezikhethekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesibindi), ziphakanyiswe kakhulu, zifikelela kumawaka aliqela okanye amashumi amawaka, ifuna ingqwalasela kunye nophando olongezelelweyo.
Ukubaluleka kweempawu zeTumor kuHlolo loMhlaza kwangethuba
Iimpawu ze-tumor ayibobungqina obucacileyo bokuxilonga umhlaza, kodwa basabambe ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo ekuhlolweni komhlaza phantsi kweemeko ezithile.Ezinye iimpawu zethumba zinovakalelo ngokwentelekiso, njenge-AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) yomhlaza wesibindi.Kwinkqubo yeklinikhi, ukuphakama okungaqhelekanga kwe-AFP, kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga kunye nembali yesifo sesibindi, kunokusetyenziswa njengobungqina bokufumanisa umhlaza wesibindi.Ngokufanayo, ezinye iimpawu eziphakamileyo zethumba zinokubonisa ubukho bamathumba kumntu ovavanywayo.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba lonke uvavanyo lomhlaza kufuneka lubandakanye uvavanyo lwe-tumor marker.SicebisaUvavanyo lokumakisha ithumba ikakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanembali yokutshaya kakhulu (ixesha lokutshaya liphindaphindwe ngamacuba atshayayo ngosuku> 400).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abasebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye izifo zesibindi (ezifana ne-hepatitis A, B, C, okanye i-cirrhosis).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abane-Helicobacter pylori usulelo esiswini okanye i-gastritis engapheliyo.
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanembali yosapho yomhlaza (ngaphezu kwesinye isizalwane segazi esithe ngqo esifunyaniswe sinohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza).
Indima yeempawu zethumba kuNyango lwe-Adjuvant Cancer
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kotshintsho kwiimpawu zethumba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oogqirha bahlengahlengise izicwangciso zabo zokuthintela umhlaza kunye nokulawula inkqubo yonyango iyonke.Enyanisweni, iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-tumor marker ziyahluka kwisigulane ngasinye.Ezinye izigulana zinokuba neziphawuli zethumba eziqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba namanqanaba afikelela kumashumi okanye amakhulu amawaka.Oku kuthetha ukuba asinazo iikhrayitheriya ezisemgangathweni zokulinganisa utshintsho lwabo.Ke ngoko, ukuqonda umahluko okhethekileyo wokumakisha ithumba kwisigulana ngasinye kwenza isiseko sokuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ngokusebenzisa abamakishi bethumba.
Inkqubo yovavanyo ethembekileyo kufuneka ibe neempawu ezimbini:"Izinto ezithile"kwaye"Ubuntununtunu":
UkukhankanyaOku kubhekiselele ekubeni utshintsho kwiimpawu zethumba zihambelana nemeko yesigulane.
Umzekelo, ukuba sifumanisa ukuba i-AFP (i-alpha-fetoprotein, i-tumor marker ethile yomhlaza wesibindi) yesigulana esinomhlaza wesibindi singaphezulu koluhlu oluqhelekileyo, uphawu lwabo lwe-tumor lubonisa "into ethile."Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-AFP yesigulana somhlaza wemiphunga idlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba umntu onempilo une-AFP ephakamileyo, ukuphakama kwabo kwe-AFP akubonakalisi ngcaciso.
Uvakalelo:Oku kubonisa ukuba ngaba iimpawu ze-tumor zesigulane zitshintsha ngokunyuka kwe-tumor.
Umzekelo, ngexesha lokujongwa okuguquguqukayo, ukuba siqaphela ukuba i-CEA (i-carcinoembryonic antigen, i-tumor marker ethile yomhlaza wemiphunga ongeyincinci) yesigulana somhlaza wemiphunga yonyuka okanye yehla kunye notshintsho kubungakanani bethumba, kwaye ilandela indlela yonyango, sinokubona kwangaphambili ubuntununtunu bophawu lwabo lwethumba.
Nje ukuba iziphawuli zethumba ezithembekileyo (zombini ezicacileyo kunye nobuntununtunu) zisekiwe, izigulane kunye noogqirha banokwenza uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwemeko yesigulana esekelwe kutshintsho oluthile kwiimpawu zethumba.Le ndlela inexabiso elibalulekileyo koogqirha ukuba baphuhlise izicwangciso zonyango ezichanekileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa unyango lomntu.
Izigulane zinokusebenzisa utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kwiziphawuli zabo zethumba ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwamachiza athile kunye nokuphepha ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo ngenxa yokunganyangeki ngamachiza.Nangona kunjalo,kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa iziphawuli zethumba ukuvavanya imeko yesigulana kuphela yindlela eyongezelelweyo yoogqirha kumlo wabo wokulwa nomhlaza kwaye akufanele kuthathwe njengethathela indawo yomgangatho wegolide wokulandela ukhathalelo-iemviwo zokuxilonga zonyango (kubandakanywa ne-CT scans. , MRI, PET-CT, njl.).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeTumor: Ziyintoni?
I-AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
I-Alpha-fetoprotein yi-glycoprotein edla ngokuveliswa ziiseli ze-embryonic stem.Amanqanaba aphakamileyo angabonisa izifo ezinobungozi ezifana nomhlaza wesibindi.
I-CEA (iCarcinoembryonic Antigen):
Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-carcinoembryonic antigen angabonisa izifo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kubandakanya umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza wepancreatic, umhlaza wesisu, kunye nomhlaza webele.
I-CA 199 (iCarbohydrate Antigen 199):
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-carbohydrate antigen 199 abonwa ngokuqhelekileyo kumhlaza we-pancreatic kunye nezinye izifo ezifana nomhlaza we-gallbladder, umhlaza wesibindi, kunye nomhlaza wekoloni.
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125):
I-Cancer antigen 125 isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko njengesixhobo esincedisayo sokuxilonga umhlaza we-ovarian kwaye inokufumaneka kumhlaza webele, umhlaza wepancreatic, kunye nomhlaza wesisu.
TA 153 (iTumor Antigen 153):
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-tumor antigen 153 aqhele ukubonwa kumhlaza wamabele kwaye anokufunyanwa kumhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wepancreatic, kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.
CA 50 (Cancer Antigen 50):
I-Cancer antigen 50 isiphawuli sethumba esingaqhelekanga esisetyenziswa njengesixhobo esincedisayo sokuxilonga umhlaza wepancreatic, umhlaza wesisu, umhlaza wesisu, kunye nezinye izifo.
I-CA 242 (iCarbohydrate Antigen 242):
Isiphumo esihle se-carbohydrate i-antigen 242 ngokuqhelekileyo idibaniswa ne-digestive tract tumors.
β2-Microglobulin:
I-β2-microglobulin isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwe-renal tubular kwaye inokunyusa kwizigulane ezinokungaphumeleli kwezintso, ukuvuvukala, okanye i-tumor.
ISerum Ferritin:
Ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-serum ferritin kunokubonwa kwiimeko ezifana ne-anemia, ngelixa ukunyuka kwamanqanaba kunokubonwa kwizifo ezifana ne-leukemia, isifo sesibindi, kunye nezicubu ezinobungozi.
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase):
I-neuron-specific enolase yiprotheyini efumaneka ikakhulu kwi-neurons kunye neeseli ze-neuroendocrine.Luphawu olubuthathaka lwethumba lomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci.
I-hCG (iGonadotropin yeChorionic yabantu):
I-chorionic gonadotropin yomntu yihomoni ehambelana nokukhulelwa.Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ukukhulelwa, kunye nezifo ezifana nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, umhlaza we-ovarian, kunye ne-testicular tumors.
I-TNF (I-Tumor Necrosis Factor):
I-tumor necrosis factor ibandakanyeka ekubulaleni iiseli ze-tumor, ukulawulwa kwamajoni omzimba, kunye nokuphendula ngokukrala.Amanqanaba anyukayo anokuthi adityaniswe nezifo ezosulelayo okanye ezizimelayo kwaye zinokubonisa umngcipheko we-tumor.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023