Umhlaza wesisu uxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke iithumba zendlela yokugaya ukutya kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, yimeko enokuthintelwa nenganyangekayo. Ngokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, nokufuna ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango, sinokulwa nesi sifo ngempumelelo. Masikunike iingcaciso ngemibuzo elithoba ebalulekileyo ukukunceda uqonde ngcono umhlaza wesisu.
1. Ngaba umhlaza wesisu uyahluka ngokweentlanga, ummandla, kunye neminyaka?
Ngokwedatha yamva nje yomhlaza wehlabathi ngo-2020, iChina ibike malunga ne-4.57 yezigidi zezehlo zomhlaza omtsha, kwaye umhlaza wesisu ubangela oku.malunga ne-480,000 yezehlo, okanye i-10.8%, ziphakathi kwezintathu eziphezulu.Umhlaza wesisu ubonisa umahluko ocacileyo ngokweentlanga kunye nommandla. Ummandla waseMpuma Asia yindawo enobungozi obukhulu bomhlaza wesisu, apho iTshayina, iJapan, kunye neSouth Korea zimalunga nama-70% eemeko zizonke kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kubangelwa zizinto ezifana nofuzo, ukutya ukutya okutshisiweyo nokutyiweyo, kunye namazinga aphezulu okutshaya kulo mmandla. Kwilizwekazi laseTshayina, umhlaza wesisu uxhaphakile kwimimandla eselunxwemeni enesondlo esinetyuwa eninzi, kunye neendawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi zoMlambo iYangtze kunye neendawo ezihlwempuzekileyo.
Ngokweminyaka, umhlaza wesisu oqhelekileyo uqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nama-60 ubudala. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, izinga lokwanda komhlaza wesisu eTshayina lihlale lizinzile, kwaye linyuke kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuvela kolutsha liye landa ngesantya esiphezulu, lidlula umyinge wesizwe. Ukongeza, la matyala adla ngokufunyaniswa njengomhlaza wesisu osasazekayo, nto leyo ebangela imingeni yonyango.
2. Ingaba umhlaza wesisu unezilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza? Zithini iimpawu eziphambili?
Iipolyps zesisu, i-chronic atrophic gastritis, kunye nesisu esisele zizinto ezinobungozi obukhulu bomhlaza wesisu.Uphuhliso lomhlaza wesisu yinkqubo eyenzeka ngamanqanaba amaninzi, amanqanaba amaninzi, kunye namanqanaba amaninzi.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wesisu,izigulana zihlala zingabonisi zimpawu zicacileyo, okanye zinokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci esiswini esingaphezulu,intlungu engaqhelekanga yesisu esingaphezulu, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukudumba, ukurhawuzelelwa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ilindle elimnyama okanye ukuhlanza igazi. Xa iimpawu zibonakala ngakumbi,ebonisa amanqanaba aphakathi ukuya kwaphambili omhlaza wesisu, izigulana zinokwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, i-anemia,i-hypoalbuminemia (amanqanaba aphantsi eeproteni egazini), ukudumba,intlungu yesisu engapheliyo, ukuhlanza igazi, kunyeizitulo ezimnyama, phakathi kwabanye.
3. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yomhlaza wesisu banokufunyanwa njani kwangethuba?
Imbali yeentsapho zeethumba: Ukuba kukho iimeko zeethumba zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya okanye ezinye iithumba kwizizukulwana ezibini okanye ezithathu zezalamane, amathuba okuba nomhlaza wesisu aphezulu. Indlela ecetyiswayo kukuhlolwa kwethumba ngobungcali ubuncinane kwiminyaka eli-10-15 ngaphambi kobudala bomntwana omncinci kunanoma yimuphi usapho onomhlaza. Kumhlaza wesisu, uvavanyo lwesisu kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, njengoko kucetyiswa ngugqirha. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana omncinci kwintsapho onomhlaza uneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, uvavanyo lokuqala lwesisu kufuneka lwenziwe eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Abantu abanembali ende yokutshaya, ukusela utywala, ukukhetha ukutya okushushu, okufakwe kwi-pickle, nokutya okutshisiweyo, kunye nokutya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi kufuneka balungise ngokukhawuleza le mikhwa ingalunganga, kuba inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu esiswini.
Izigulane ezinezilonda zesisu, i-gastritis engapheliyo, kunye nezinye izifo zesisu kufuneka zifune unyango olusebenzayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhubeka kwesifo kwaye zihlolwe rhoqo esibhedlele.
4. Ngaba isifo se-gastritis esingapheliyo kunye nezilonda zesisu zingabangela umhlaza wesisu?
Ezinye izifo zesisu zizinto ezibangela umhlaza wesisu kwaye kufuneka zithathwe nzulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nezifo zesisu akuthethi ukuba umntu uza kuba nomhlaza wesisu. Izilonda zesisu ngokucacileyo zinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza. I-gastritis engapheliyo ehlala ixesha elide neqatha, ingakumbi ukuba ibonisa iimpawu zokungapheleli, i-metaplasia yamathumbu, okanye i-hyperplasia engaqhelekanga, ifuna ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo. Kubalulekile ukuyeka ngoko nangoko imikhwa engeyiyo enempilo efana neukumisa ukutshaya, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala, kwaye kuphephe ukutya okuqhotsiweyo nokunetyuwa eninziUkongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka yingcali yesisu ukuze kuhlolwe imeko ethile kwaye kuqwalaselwe iingcebiso ezifana ne-gastroscopy okanye amayeza.
5. Ngaba kukho ulwalamano phakathi kweHelicobacter pylori kunye nomhlaza wesisu?
I-Helicobacter pylori yintsholongwane efumaneka rhoqo esiswini, kwaye inxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza wesisu. Ukuba umntu uvavanywe ukuba une-Helicobacter pylori kwaye unezifo zesisu ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-gastritis engapheliyo okanye izilonda zesisu, umngcipheko wakhe wokuba nomhlaza wesisu uyanda. Ukufuna unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ukongeza kumntu ochaphazelekayo ofumana unyango, amalungu osapho kufuneka ahlolwe kwaye acinge ngonyango oluhambelanayo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
6. Ngaba ikho enye indlela engebuhlungu kangako endaweni ye-gastroscopy?
Enyanisweni, ukwenza i-gastroscopy ngaphandle kweendlela zokunciphisa iintlungu kunokuba yinto engathandekiyo.Nangona kunjalo, xa kufikwa ekufumaneni umhlaza wesisu okwinqanaba lokuqala, i-gastroscopy yeyona ndlela isebenzayo okwangoku.Ezinye iindlela zokuxilonga zisenokungawuboni umhlaza wesisu kwasekuqaleni, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakhulu amathuba onyango oluphumelelayo.
Inzuzo ye-gastroscopy kukuba ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone ngqo isisu ngokufaka umbhobho omncinci, oguquguqukayo kwi-esophagus baze basebenzise i-probe encinci efana nekhamera. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukubona kakuhle isisu kwaye bangaphoswa naluphi na utshintsho oluncinci. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu zinokuba zincinci kakhulu, ezifana nebala elincinci esandleni sethu esinokulibala, kodwa kunokubakho utshintsho oluncinci kumbala we-inside yesisu. Nangona ii-CT scans kunye nee-contrast agents zinokubona iingxaki ezithile ezinkulu zesisu, zisenokungaziboni ezo nguqu zincinci. Ke ngoko, kwabo bacetyiswayo ukuba benze i-gastroscopy, kubalulekile ukuba bangathandabuzi.
7. Ngowuphi umgangatho obalulekileyo wokuxilongwa komhlaza wesisu?
I-Gastroscopy kunye ne-pathological biopsy zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuxilonga umhlaza wesisu. Oku kubonelela ngoxilongo olusemgangathweni, kulandele ukulinganisa izigaba. Utyando, unyango lwe-radiation, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango oluxhasayo zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango lomhlaza wesisu. Utyando lolona nyango luphambili lomhlaza wesisu okwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye unyango olupheleleyo olunezifundo ezininzi okwangoku luthathwa njengendlela yonyango oluphambili lomhlaza wesisu. Ngokusekelwe kwimeko yomzimba yesigulana, ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, kunye nezinye izinto, iqela leengcali ezahlukeneyo ngokubambisana liphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe wena, esibaluleke kakhulu kwizigulana ezineemeko ezinzima. Ukuba ukulinganisa izigaba kunye nokuxilongwa kwesigulana kucacile, unyango lunokwenziwa ngokwezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zomhlaza wesisu.
8. Umntu angalufuna njani unyango lomhlaza wesisu ngendlela yesayensi?
Unyango olungaqhelekanga lunokukhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli zethumba kwaye lonyuse ubunzima bonyango olulandelayo. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kunye nonyango kubalulekile kwizigulane ezinomhlaza wesisu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna unyango kwicandelo elikhethekileyo le-oncology. Emva kovavanyo olucokisekileyo, ugqirha uya kuvavanya imeko yesigulana aze anike iingcebiso zonyango, ekufuneka zixoxwe nesigulana kunye namalungu osapho lwaso ngaphambi kokuba senze isigqibo. Izigulane ezininzi ziziva zixhalabile kwaye zifuna ukuxilongwa kwangoko namhlanje kunye notyando ngomso. Azinakulinda emgceni ukuze zihlolwe okanye zilale esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze zifumane unyango olukhawulezileyo, ukuya kwizibhedlele ezingezizo ezizodwa nezingezizo iingcali ukuze kufumaneke unyango olungaqhelekanga kunokubangela umngcipheko kulawulo olulandelayo lwesifo.
Xa kufunyenwe umhlaza wesisu, uhlala ukho kangangexesha elithile. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho iingxaki ezinzima ezifana nokugqobhoka, ukopha, okanye ukuvaleka, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ukuba ukulibazisa utyando olukhawulezileyo kuya kukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kwethumba. Enyanisweni, ukuvumela oogqirha ixesha elaneleyo lokuqonda kakuhle imeko yesigulana, ukuvavanya ukunyamezela kwabo ngokwasemzimbeni, kunye nokuhlalutya iimpawu zethumba kubalulekile kwiziphumo zonyango ezingcono.
9. Sifanele siyijonge njani intetho ethi “isinye kwisithathu sezigulana siyoyika ukufa”?
Le ngxelo igqithisile kakhulu. Enyanisweni, umhlaza awoyiki njengoko sinokucinga. Abantu abaninzi baphila nomhlaza kwaye baphila ubomi obanelisayo. Emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banomhlaza, kubalulekile ukulungisa indlela abacinga ngayo kwaye banxibelelane kakuhle nezigulane ezinethemba. Kubantu abakwinqanaba lokuchacha emva konyango lomhlaza wesisu, amalungu osapho kunye nabantu osebenza nabo akufuneki babaphathe njengezidalwa ezibuthathaka, zibathintele ekwenzeni nantoni na. Le ndlela inokwenza izigulane zizive ngathi ixabiso labo aliqatshelwa.
Izinga lokunyangwa komhlaza wesisu
Izinga lokunyangwa komhlaza wesisu eTshayina limalunga ne-30%, nto leyo engaphantsi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wesisu, izinga lokunyangwa liqhele ukuba malunga ne-80% ukuya kwi-90%. Kwinqanaba lesiBini, liqhele ukuba malunga ne-70% ukuya kwi-80%. Nangona kunjalo, kwisigaba sesiThathu, esithathwa njengesesiphambili, izinga lokunyangwa liyehla liye malunga ne-30%, kwaye kwisigaba sesi-IV, lingaphantsi kwe-10%.
Ngokuphathelele indawo, umhlaza wesisu okwi-distal unezinga eliphezulu lokunyanga xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaza wesisu okwi-proximal. Umhlaza wesisu okwi-distal ubhekisa kumhlaza okwi-pylorus, ngelixa umhlaza wesisu okwi-proximal ubhekisa kumhlaza okwi-cardia okanye umzimba wesisu. I-Signet ring cell carcinoma kunzima ukuyibona kwaye idla ngokusasazeka, nto leyo ebangela izinga eliphantsi lokunyanga.
Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela naluphi na utshintsho emzimbeni womntu, uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha, kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana ukungakhululeki okungapheliyo kwesisu. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kwenziwe i-gastroscopy. Izigulana eziye zafumana unyango lwe-endoscopic ngaphambili kufuneka zibe nexesha lokulandela kunye neengcali zesisu kwaye zilandele iingcebiso zonyango ukuze zihlolwe i-gastroscopy rhoqo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-10-2023