Uthintelo lomhlaza we-Colorectal

Ulwazi Oluqhelekileyo Malunga noMhlaza weColorectal

Umhlaza we-Coloral ectal sisifo apho iiseli zomhlaza (umhlaza) zenzeka khona kwizicwili ze-colon okanye i-rectum.
Ikholoni yinxalenye yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya yomzimba. Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya isusa kwaye isebenzise izondlo (iivithamini, iiminerali, iicarbohydrate, amafutha, iiproteni, namanzi) ekutyeni kwaye inceda ekukhupheni inkunkuma emzimbeni. Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya yenziwe ngomlomo, emqaleni, emqaleni, esiswini, namathumbu amancinci namakhulu. Ikholoni (amathumbu amakhulu) yinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu kwaye imalunga neenyawo ezi-5 ubude. Xa zidibene, i-rectum kunye nomjelo womqala zenza inxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu kwaye zinobude obuziisentimitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8. Umjelo womqala uphela kwi-anus (ukuvulwa kwamathumbu amakhulu ngaphandle komzimba).

Uthintelo lomhlaza we-Colorectal

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto zokukhusela kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza.
Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi bomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo. Izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya nokuzilolonga zinokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezempilo malunga nendlela onokunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko wakho womhlaza.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal:

1. Ubudala

Umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal uyanda emva kweminyaka engama-50. Uninzi lweemeko zomhlaza we-colorectal zifunyaniswa emva kweminyaka engama-50.

2. Imbali yosapho yomhlaza we-colorectal
Ukuba nomzali, umnakwenu, udadewenu, okanye umntwana onomhlaza we-colonectal kuphinda kabini umngcipheko womntu wokuba nomhlaza we-colonectal.

3. Imbali yobuqu
Ukuba nembali yakho yezi meko zilandelayo kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal:

• Umhlaza wangaphambili we-colorectal.
• Ii-adenomas ezinobungozi obuphezulu (ii-polyps ze-colorectal ezinobukhulu obuyi-1 sentimitha okanye ngaphezulu okanye ezineeseli ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga phantsi kwe-microscope).
• Umhlaza wesibeleko.
• Isifo samathumbu esibangela ukudumba (njenge-ulcerative colitis okanye isifo sikaCrohn).

4. Umngcipheko ozuzwe njengelifa

Umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal uyanda xa utshintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo olunxulunyaniswa ne-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) okanye umhlaza we-colon ongengowe-polyposis (i-HNPCC okanye i-Lynch Syndrome) luzuzwa njengelifa.

5. Utywala

Ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo ezi-3 nangaphezulu ngosuku kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colon. Ukusela utywala kukwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokwenza i-colon adenomas enkulu (ii-benign tumors).

6. Ukutshaya icuba
Ukutshaya icuba kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal.
Ukutshaya icuba kukwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wokwenza i-colorectal adenomas. Abantu abatshaya icuba abaye batyandwa ukuze kususwe i-colorectal adenomas basengozini enkulu yokuba i-adenomas ibuye (ibuye).

7. Ugqatso
Ama-Afrika aseMelika asengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal kunye nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlanga.

8. Ukutyeba kakhulu
Ukutyeba kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokukhusela zinciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal:

1. Umsebenzi womzimba

Indlela yokuphila equka ukwenza umthambo rhoqo inxulunyaniswa nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-colon.

2. I-Aspirin
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuthatha i-aspirin kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nomngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal. Ukuncipha komngcipheko kuqala emva kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokuba izigulana ziqale ukuthatha i-aspirin.
Iingozi ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa i-aspirin (100 mg okanye ngaphantsi) yonke imihla okanye yonke eminye imihla ziquka umngcipheko okhulayo westroke kunye nokopha esiswini nasemathunjini. Ezi ngozi zinokuba nkulu phakathi kwabantu abadala, amadoda, kunye nabo baneemeko ezinxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokopha.

3. Unyango lokutshintsha iihomoni ezidityanisiweyo
Izifundo zibonise ukuba unyango oludibeneyo lokutshintshwa kweehomoni (HRT) oluquka zombini i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin lunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal ohlaselayo kubasetyhini abasele begqithile exesheni.
Nangona kunjalo, kubafazi abasebenzisa i-HRT edibeneyo baze babe nomhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza unokuba mkhulu xa ufunyaniswa kwaye umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal awunciphiswanga.
Iingozi ezinokubakho ze-HRT edibeneyo ziquka umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba:

• Umhlaza webele.
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• Amahlwili egazi.

4. Ukususwa kwe-polyp
Uninzi lwee-polyps ze-colorectal zii-adenomas, ezinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza. Ukususa ii-polyps ze-colorectal ezinkulu kune-1 centimeter (ubukhulu be-pea) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal. Akwaziwa ukuba ukususa ii-polyps ezincinci kuyawunciphisa na umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.
Iingozi ezinokubakho zokususwa kwe-polyp ngexesha le-colonoscopy okanye i-sigmoidoscopy ziquka ukukrazuka eludongeni lwe-colon kunye nokopha.

Akucaci ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyayichaphazela na ingozi yomhlaza we-colorectal:

1. Amayeza angengowe-steroidal alwa nokuvuvukala (ii-NSAID) ngaphandle kwe-aspirin
Akwaziwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory okanye ii-NSAID (ezifana ne-sulindac, i-celecoxib, i-naproxen, kunye ne-ibuprofen) kuyayinciphisa na ingozi yomhlaza we-colorectal.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuthatha iyeza elingelona ele-steroidal elilwa nokuvuvukala i-celecoxib kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya kwee-adenomas ze-colorectal (ii-benign tumors) emva kokuba zisusiwe. Akucaci ukuba oku kukhokelela kumngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza we-colorectal.
Ukusebenzisa i-sulindac okanye i-celecoxib kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa inani kunye nobukhulu bee-polyps ezenzeka kwi-colon kunye ne-rectum yabantu abane-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Akucaci ukuba oku kukhokelela kumngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza we-colorectal.
Iingozi ezinokubakho ze-NSAID ziquka:

• Iingxaki zezintso.
• Ukopha esiswini, emathunjini, okanye engqondweni.
• Iingxaki zentliziyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukungaqini kakuhle.

2. Ikhalsiyam
Akwaziwa ukuba ukuthatha izongezo zekhalsiyam kuyawunciphisa na umngcipheko womhlaza we-colon.

3. Ukutya
Akwaziwa ukuba ukutya ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi nenyama kunye nefayibha eninzi, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kuyayinciphisa na ingozi yomhlaza we-colon.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, iiproteni, iikhalori kunye nenyama kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colon, kodwa ezinye izifundo azizange zibonise.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo azichaphazeli umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal:

1. Unyango lokutshintsha iihomoni nge-estrogen kuphela
Unyango lokutshintshwa kwamahomoni nge-estrogen kuphela alunciphisi umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal ohlaselayo okanye umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza we-colorectal.

2. Iistatini
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuthatha ii-statins (amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol) akonyusi okanye anciphise umngcipheko womhlaza we-colon.

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziswa ukufundisisa iindlela zokuthintela umhlaza.
Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukufunda iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuthintela umhlaza zenziwa ngabantu abaphilileyo abangazange babe nomhlaza kodwa abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana umhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuthintela zenziwa ngabantu abaye baba nomhlaza kwaye bazama ukuthintela omnye umhlaza wohlobo olufanayo okanye ukunciphisa amathuba abo okufumana uhlobo olutsha lomhlaza. Ezinye iimvavanyo zenziwa ngokuzithandela abasempilweni abangaziwa ukuba banezizathu ezibangela umhlaza.
Injongo yezinye iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zokuthintela umhlaza kukufumanisa ukuba amanyathelo abantu abawathathayo anokuthintela na umhlaza. Oku kungabandakanya ukuzilolonga ngakumbi okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya okanye ukuthatha amayeza athile, iivithamini, iiminerali, okanye izongezo zokutya.
Iindlela ezintsha zokuthintela umhlaza we-colorectal ziyafundwa kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi.

Umthombo: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1