UThintelo loMhlaza weColorectal

Ulwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga noMhlaza weColorectal

Umhlaza weColorectal sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (umhlaza) zenza kwizicubu zekholoni okanye kwi-rectum.
Ikholoni yinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokwetyisa.Inkqubo yokwetyisa isusa kwaye isebenze izondlo (iivithamini, iiminerali, iikhabhohayidrethi, amafutha, iiproteni, namanzi) ekutyeni kwaye inceda ukukhupha inkunkuma ngaphandle komzimba.Inkqubo yokwetyisa yenziwe ngumlomo, umqala, ummizo, isisu, kunye namathumbu amancinci namakhulu.Ikholoni (ithumbu elikhulu) yinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu kwaye imalunga neemitha ezi-5 ubude.Xa zidibene, i-rectum kunye ne-anal canal zenza indawo yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu kwaye zi-6 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-8 ubude.Umjelo we-anal uphela kwi-anus (ukuvulwa kwamathumbu amakhulu ukuya ngaphandle komzimba).

UThintelo loMhlaza weColorectal

Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo kunokunceda ukukhusela umhlaza.
Ukuphepha imiba esemngciphekweni yomhlaza kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza othile.Imingcipheko iquka ukutshaya, ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, nokungazilolongi ngokwaneleyo.Ukwandisa izinto ezikhuselayo ezinjengokuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokwenza umthambo nako kunokunceda ukuthintela eminye imihlaza.Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye enye ingcali yezempilo malunga nokuba ungawuthoba njani umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Ubudala

Umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal ukhula emva kweminyaka engama-50. Uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza wesisu zifunyaniswa emva kweminyaka engama-50.

2. Imbali yentsapho yomhlaza wesisu
Ukuba nomzali, umntakwabo, udade, okanye umntwana onomhlaza we-colorectal uphinda kabini umngcipheko womntu womhlaza we-colorectal.

3. Imbali yomntu
Ukuba nembali yobuqu yezi meko zilandelayo kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

• Umhlaza womlomo wangaphambili.
• I-adenomas esemngciphekweni omkhulu (iipolyps ezimibalabala eziyi-1 centimeter okanye ezinkulu ngobukhulu okanye ezineseli ezikhangeleka zingaqhelekanga phantsi kwemakroskopu).
• Umhlaza wesibeleko.
• Isifo sesibindi esivuthayo (njenge-ulcerative colitis okanye isifo sikaCrohn).

4. Umngcipheko welifa

Umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu uyanda xa utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza olunxulunyaniswa ne-familia adenomatous polyposis (FAP) okanye umhlaza wekoloni we-hereditary nonpolyposis (HNPCC okanye i-Lynch Syndrome) zifunyenwe.

5. Utywala

Ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu ngemini kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu.Ukusela utywala kudibene nomngcipheko wokwenza i-adenomas enkulu ye-colorectal (i-benign tumors).

6. Ukutshaya icuba
Ukutshaya icuba kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owonyukayo womhlaza webala kunye nokufa ngumhlaza wesisu.
Ukutshaya icuba kukwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owonyukayo wokwenza i-colorectal adenomas.Abatshayayo becuba abaye benza utyando lokususa i-colorectal adenomas basengozini eyongeziweyo yokuba i-adenomas iphinde iphinde (ibuye).

7. Ugqatso
Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banomngcipheko owongeziweyo womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nokufa ngumhlaza we-colorectal xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlanga.

8. Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo
Ukutyeba kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owonyukayo womhlaza webala kunye nokufa ngumhlaza wesisu.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokukhusela zinciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Umsebenzi womzimba

Indlela yokuphila ebandakanya umthambo rhoqo unxulunyaniswa nokuncipha komngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.

2. IAspirin
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuthatha i-aspirin yehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal kunye nomngcipheko wokufa ngumhlaza we-colorectal.Ukuncipha komngcipheko kuqala kwi-10 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba izigulane ziqale ukuthatha i-aspirin.
Ubungozi obunokubakho bokusetyenziswa kwe-aspirin (i-100 mg okanye ngaphantsi) yonke imihla okanye yonke enye imini ibandakanya umngcipheko owongeziweyo wokubetha kunye nokopha esiswini kunye namathumbu.Le mingcipheko inokuba nkulu phakathi kwabantu abadala, amadoda, kunye nabo baneemeko ezidityaniswe nomngcipheko ophezulu kunesiqhelo sokopha.

3. Udibaniso lwe-hormone yonyango yokutshintshwa
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba indibaniselwano ye-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) equka zombini i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin yehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal ohlaselayo kubasetyhini abasemva kokuya exesheni.
Nangona kunjalo, kwabasetyhini abathatha i-HRT edibeneyo kwaye bahlakulela umhlaza we-colorectal, umhlaza kunokwenzeka ukuba uqhubele phambili xa ufunyaniswa kwaye umngcipheko wokufa ngumhlaza we-colorectal awunciphi.
Ubungozi obunokubakho bokudityaniswa kwe-HRT kubandakanya ukonyuka komngcipheko wokuba:

• Umhlaza webele.
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• Amahlwili egazi.

4. Ukususwa kwepolyp
Uninzi lweepolyps ze-colorectal zi-adenomas, ezinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza.Ukususa iipolyps ezinombala ongaphezulu kwe-1 yesentimitha (ubungakanani beertyisi) kunokwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo.Akwaziwa ukuba ukususa iipolyps ezincinci kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu.
Iingozi ezinokubakho zokususwa kwepolyp ngexesha lekolonoscopy okanye i-sigmoidoscopy ziquka ukukrazuka kudonga lwekholoni kunye nokopha.

Akukacaci ukuba oku kulandelayo kuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Iziyobisi ezingekho phantsi kwe-anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) ngaphandle kwe-aspirin
Akwaziwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichasene nokudumba okanye ii-NSAIDs (ezifana ne-sulindac, i-celecoxib, i-naproxen, kunye ne-ibuprofen) kuyawehlisa na umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuthatha ichiza elichasene nokudumba i-celecoxib kunciphisa umngcipheko we-colorectal adenomas (i-benign tumors) ebuyayo emva kokuba isusiwe.Akucaci ukuba oku kubangela umngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza we-colorectal.
Ukuthatha i-sulindac okanye i-celecoxib ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa inani kunye nobukhulu beepolyps ezenza kwi-colon kunye ne-rectum yabantu abane-familia adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Akucaci ukuba oku kubangela umngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza we-colorectal.
Ubungozi obunokwenzeka be-NSAID bubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zezintso.
• Ukopha esiswini, emathunjini, okanye ebuchotsheni.
• Iingxaki zentliziyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo.

2. Icalcium
Akwaziwa ukuba ukuthatha izongezelelo ze-calcium kwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.

3. Ukutya
Akwaziwa ukuba ukutya okuncinci kunamafutha kunye nenyama kunye nefayibha ephezulu, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.
Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, iiprotheni, iikhalori, kunye nenyama kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu, kodwa ezinye izifundo azizange.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo aziwuchaphazeli umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

1. Unyango lokubuyisela iHormone nge-estrogen kuphela
Unyango lokubuyisela ihomoni nge-estrogen kuphela aluwehlisi umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba ohlaselayo okanye umngcipheko wokubhubha ngumhlaza webala.

2. Statins
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuthatha i-statins (iziyobisi ezinciphisa i-cholesterol) awanyusi okanye anciphise umngcipheko womhlaza we-colorectal.

Ulingo lwezonyango lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukufunda iindlela zokuthintela umhlaza.
Ulingo lwezonyango lokuthintela umhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukufunda iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhula kweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.Olunye ulingo lokuthintela umhlaza lwenziwa nabantu abasempilweni abangazange babe nomhlaza kodwa abanomngcipheko owonyukileyo womhlaza.Olunye ulingo lothintelo lwenziwa nabantu abanomhlaza kwaye bazama ukuthintela omnye umhlaza wohlobo olufanayo okanye ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nohlobo olutsha lomhlaza.Olunye ulingo lwenziwa ngamavolontiya asempilweni akwaziwa ukuba anemingcipheko yomhlaza.
Injongo yolunye ulingo lwezonyango lokuthintela umhlaza kukufumanisa ukuba amanyathelo athathwa ngabantu anokuthintela umhlaza.Oku kunokuquka ukwenza umthambo ngakumbi okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza athile, iivithamini, iiminerali, okanye izongezo zokutya.
Iindlela ezintsha zokuthintela umhlaza wesisu ziyafundwa kulingo lwezonyango.

Umthombo: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1